While this article can help explain some of the hardware requirements for an EV Charger installation - we always recommend contacting a licensed electrician for all installation purposes. Their training and on-site analysis of your particular use case will provide the safest and most reliable installation options. This article is designed to provide useful information when planning an installation along with a qualified professional.
When installing your Emporia Energy Level 2 EVSE EV Charger, selecting the appropriate wire gauge and breaker size is crucial for safety and optimal performance.
Key Points for Wiring:
Rated for 90C or higher
Copper (not Aluminum)
Rated for 125% of maximum charge rate (as per Article 310 of NEC)
6AWG
1. Appropriate Wire Gauge
For all installations, 6 AWG copper wire is recommended. The wire terminals inside the EV Charger are designed to accommodate up to 6 AWG wire. Using a larger gauge, such as 4 AWG, will not fit properly and can pose a safety hazard. Conversely, using a smaller gauge than 6 AWG is not advisable as it may not handle the required current safely.
However, the appropriate wire gauge can also depend on the anticipated charge rate and the distance of the wire run to the EV Charger. Longer distances may require adjustments in wire gauge to prevent voltage drop. It is essential to consult with a licensed electrician to determine a safe and effective wiring solution tailored to your specific installation.
2. Breaker Size
The breaker size will depend on the wiring configuration and the desired charge rate provided by the EV Charger. Typically, breakers rated between 30A and 60A are used in most installations. According to the National Electrical Code (NEC), breakers must have a 25% margin above the expected load to ensure safe operation.
For a 30A charge rate, a 40A breaker is necessary.
For the full 48A charge rate available from the EV Charger, a 60A breaker is required. Additionally, for the 48A charge rate, the EV Charger should be hardwired rather than using the included NEMA plug.
A professional electrician can assist in selecting the correct breaker size to meet your installation requirements and ensure compliance with all electrical codes.
3. Copper vs. Aluminum Wiring
It is crucial to use copper wire for the installation of your EV Charger. Aluminum wire has different thermal properties and can affect the performance and safety of the EV Charger. Copper wire provides superior conductivity and reliability for electrical installations.
4. THHN vs Romex/NM Wiring
Please contact a professional electrician for their expert advice regarding this topic. There are varying properties between different types of wiring that may be important for your installation scenario. Heat management, sheath material, flexibility, wire length and more can all impact this decision as to which type of wiring might be required. There are no generic rules or suggestions offered by Emporia as to which wire type would be required since it can change on a case-by-case basis.
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